PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE





1.1 Form Of Present Perfect Tense


a) Affirmative (Positive) Sentences
Have / Has + V3

HE SHE IT	has eaten hamburger has written the letter has washed the car
I YOU WE THEY	have eaten hamburger have written the letter have washed the car

Present Perfect Tense’in olumlu cümle yapısında,
özneden sonra have / has yardımcı fiileri ile V3
(past participle) kullanılır.

• I have finished my work.
• They have moved to a new apartment.
• Jim has eaten lunch.
• I have seen that movie before.
• My father has washed the car.


b) Negative Sentences

HE SHE IT	has not eaten hamburger has not written the letter has not washed the car
I YOU WE THEY	have not eaten hamburger have not written the letter have not washed the car

Present perfect tense’ in olumsuz cümle yapılarında,
has / have yardımcı fiilerine not eklenir ve V3
(past participle) kullanılır.

• I have not seen Tom this morning.
• The student’s have not finished their homework.
• Maria has not washed the dishes
• The secretary hasn’t typed the letter yet.
• We haven’t received any messages from Jack this
week.


c) Question Sentences

Has	he she it	eaten hamburger? written the letter? washed the car?
Have	we you they	eaten hamburger? written the letter? washed the car?

Soru cümlelerinde, have / has yardımcı fiilleri
özneden önce, V3 özneden sonra kullanılır.

• Have you visited your uncle this week?
• Have you ever eaten Chinese food?
• Has Tim drunk any beer?
• Has she finished her work?
• Have you ever been to Istanbul?

1.2 Present PerfectTense Nerlerde Kullanılır ?

a) Present perfect tense, geçmişte, belirsiz bir
zamanda, yapılmış ya da hiç yapılmamış bir eylemi
ifade ederken kullanılır. Eylemlerin ne zaman
yapıldığı Present Perfect Tense’de önemli değildir
ve belirtilmez. Eğer geçmişte belirli bir zaman
belirtilmesi gerekiyorsa, ya da eylemin ne zaman
yapıldığı belirtilmek isteniyorsa, Simple Past Tense
kullanılır.

• They have moved to a new apartment. They moved
there last week.
• I have washed the car. (It is clean now!)
• I have never seen such a big building. (All my
life)
• I have met Bill’s wife. I met her at a party last
night.
• Have you ever eaten at that restaurant yet?
• I think I have seen that girl before.


b) For , since, so far, up till now, untill now ile
kullanıldığında present perfect tense geçmişte
başlayıp içinde bulunduğumuz ana kadar devem etmekte
olan bir eylemden bahsetmek için kullanılır.

• I have been here since 9 o’clock.
• They have been married for 25 years.
• I have has this old car for 10 years.
• She has done great work up to now. I think she
will be promoted soon.
• I haven’t seen my uncle since 1990.
• Janet has been very busy with the new project for
the last three months.
• I have liked science-fiction films ever since I
was a child.

c) The present perfect tense geçmiş ve şimdiki zaman
arasında, kesin zamanlar belirtmeksizin,
tekrarlanmış olan eylemlerden bahsederken
kullanılır.
• I have seen that movie four times.
• I have met many new friends since I came here.
• How many times have you been to France?
• The telephone has rung six times since this
morning.
• The scientists have made many important inventions
since 1900’s.


d) Bahsedilen zaman dilimi henüz bitmemiş ise
present perfect tense kullanılır.

• I haven’t seen Tom this morning. (It’s still this
morning)
• My grandfather has written many novels. (He is
still alive and writing novels)
• It has rained a lot this year.
• Jane hasn’t called me today.

e) Present perfect tense çok kısa bir süre önce
tamamlanmış,geçerliliğini hala koruyan eylemleri
ifade etmek için kullanılır.

• I have just eaten a sandwich. ( I am not hungry
now)
• Ouch! I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding.
• My boss has gone to London. (He is there now)
• The robbers have been put into the prison. (They
are in prison now.)


1.3 Using SINCE and FOR
Since bir eylemin geçmişte belirli bir zamanda
başlayıp, şu ana kadar devam etmekte olduğunu ifade
etmek için kullanılır.Since, bir saat, gün, ay ,yıl
ya da geçmişte tamamlanmış bir eylem gibi, geçmiş
zaman referansları veren zarf ya da zarf
cümlecikleri ile kullanılır.


SINCE + A SPECIFIC POINT IN THE PAST

I have been in this city

since +

friday. june 1998 june 29, 1998 the beginning of this semester yesterday last week I got the scholarship

• I have had this
old car since 1990.
• Alex has not eaten anything since breakfast.
• Roger and I have known each other since last
January.
• I have met so many people since I came to this
town last year.
• Jane has worn her new blue jeans only twice since
she bought them.


For da present perfect tense ile kullanıldığıda, bir
eylemin geçmişte başlayıp, şu ana kadar devam
etmekte olduğunu ifade etmek için kullanılır. For
ile birlikte two minutes, three hours, four days,
five years gibi zamanın uzunluğunu ifade eden
yapılar kullanılır.


FOR + A LENGTH OF TIME

I have been in this city

for +

ten minutes. three hours ten days about eight years several weeks many years a long timey years

• I have had this old car for 10 years.
• Alex has not eaten anything for 8 hours.
• Roger and I have known each other for a year.
• Tom has worked on this project for a long time.
• Jane has not worn her new blue jeans for five
months.

1.3 Using ALREADY, YET, JUST, EVER and NEVER

EVER

1. soru cümlelerinde
• Have you ever been to Turkey ?
• Has she ever met John?

2. olumsuz sorularda
• Haven’t they ever been to Turkey?
• Hasn’t she ever met John?

3. olumsuz yapılarda : nothing .......ever ,
nobody ........ever.
• Nobody has ever climbed to that mountain before.
• Nothing has ever been said to us.

4. “the first time .....” gibi yapılarda

• This is the first time I have ever eaten Thai
food.
• It’s the first time I have ever been to England.

5. superlative yapılarda
• Helen is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
• Istanbul is the most beautiful city I have ever
been to?

kullanılır.


NEVER “daha önce hiç...” anlamında
kullanılır. Never olumsuz bir zarf tır ve not ile
birlikte kullanılmamalıdır.

DOĞRU: I have never eaten caviar.
DOĞRU: She has never failed any exams.
YALNIŞ: I haven’t never eaten caviar. Or She hasn’t
never failed any exams.


ALREADY bir eylemin halihazırda ( beklenenden
önce) yapılmış olduğunu ve artık yapılmasının
gereksiz olduğunu ifade etmek içim kullanılır.

• You don’t need to go to the post office. I have
already posted the letters.
• Don’t take the car to the mechanic.I have already
fixed it.
• Have you already finished your homework?
• I have seen that movie already.

YET bir eylemin şu ana kadar henüz yapılmamış
olduğunu, ama gelelecekte yapılabileceğini ya da
olabileceğini ifade etmek için kullanılır. Yet
cümlenin sonunda kullanılır.

• It’s 2:00 pm and I am very hungry. I haven’t eaten
lunch yet.
• Have you seen Eric yet?
• Has he arrived yet?

JUST eylemin daha çok kıza bir süre önce
tamamlanığını, henüz olduğunu ifade etmek için
kullanılır.

• No, thanks. I have just eaten a sandwich.
• They have just gone out.
• Mr. Green has just called you.